Category Archives: PSR Press

Abstract:Introduction: The frontotemporal type is characterised by a pterional sutural configuration between the frontal and temporal bones. The stellate kind of suture is formed by the fusion of the flat sphenoid, frontal, parietal, and temporal bones.
Methods: The kind of pterion based on sutural pattern was determined using Murphy’s classification into sphenoparietal, frontoparietal, stellate, and epipteric kinds on both the left and right sides of each skull. The centre of the circle, which connects the four bones that make up the pterion, is thought to be the centre of the pterion. Distance between the pterion’s centre and the external auditory meatus’s anterosuperior margin, P-PM: the distance between the pterion’s centre and the lateral margin of the optic canal, P-AM.
Results: The current investigation was carried out using 115 dried adult skull bones that were gathered from the central Karnataka region. On the right side, there were 115 pterions, and on the left, there were 115. The most frequent type of pterion was sphenoparietal (82.1%), followed by epipteric (26.1%), stellate (18.6%), and frontotemporal (17.8%).
Conclusions: The findings of this study may be useful for forensic pathologists, neurosurgeons, anatomists, and anthropologists in the region of the population under study.

Abstract:Background: Severe acute malnourishment (SAM) is a significant public health problem in India and many developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines – Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) as very low weight-for-height or a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of less than 115 mm or the presence of nutritional edema. According to the most recent NFHS-5 survey (2019- 2021) covering 36 states and union territories (UTs), the prevalence remains at an alarming 7.7%. Malnutrition slows down the myelination process, thus preventing the increase in the calibre of myelinated nerve fibres. Motor nerve conduction, auditory evoked potential and visual evoked potential changes caused by severe acute malnutrition can be evaluated clinically and electrophysiologically. These changes are produced mainly due to a deficiency of micro and macronutrients like vitamins, minerals, protein, fat & Carbohydrates.
Aim: Severe acute malnutrition affects the myelination and growth of the central and peripheral nervous systems. This study aimed to assess the effects of severe acute malnutrition on peripheral motor median and ulnar nerve conduction, auditory evoked potential and visual evoked potential in children.
Materials & Methods: The study group included 50 severely acute malnourished children (SAM) of 6 – 59 months of age, recruited from SMTU, J.A. Group of the Hospital, G.R.M.C. Gwalior (M.P.), based on WHO classification for severe acute malnutrition. The Control group consisted of 50 normally nourished healthy children of the same age group. The case-control study period was extended from January 2021 to December 2021. Ethical clearance from the Institutes and written informed consent were taken from the parents/guardians of SAM patients. The family, immunization, birth, metabolic, endocrinal disorder, and history of neuromuscular disease were taken in detail. The study was performed using the four-channel RMS – EMG EP MARK- II. The electrophysiological parameters were evaluated for velocity, distal latency, and amplitudes. Results were analyzed statistically using the unpaired student’s t-test.
Results: This study showed decreased motor nerve conduction velocity ( p < 0.05 ) and delayed distal latencies in the median and ulnar motor nerves of both upper limbs in children with severe acute (SAM) malnutrition. There were significant differences in the mean latencies of the waves I to V and the mean interpeak latencies (IPLs) of the waves I-III and I-V on the right and left ears between the study and control groups (P < 0.05). We observed significant alteration in mean latencies of wave p 100 in VEP.
Conclusion: The present study shows a statistically significant alteration in electrophysiological parameters in children with severe acute malnutrition. This may be due to nutritional deficiency affecting the myelination of peripheral nd central nerves depending on the duration and severity of malnutrition.

Abstract:Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major complication of Diabetes Mellitus. The International Working Group on Diabetic Foot defines DFU as a “full-thickness lesion of the skin distal to the malleoli in a person with Diabetes Mellitus”.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinico-microbial profile of patients with diabetic foot ulcers and the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility.
Methods: This hospital-based, prospective observational study was conducted among patients with diabetic foot ulcers in the Department of General Surgery at Era’s Lucknow Medical College \& Hospital, Lucknow, after taking written informed consent.
Results: Pseudomonas was found in 39 (18.2%) cases, coagulase-negative Staph aureus was found in 23 (10.7%) cases, Acinetobacter was found in 80 (37.3%) cases, E. coli was found in 56 (26.1%) cases, Proteus spp was found in 13 (6%) cases, Staph aureus was found in 23 (10.7%) cases, Acetobacter was found in 1 (0.46%) case, and Enterococcus was found in 2 (0.93%) cases. A single organism was involved in 48 (47.1%) cases, while multiple organisms were involved in 54 (52.9%) cases in our study. In our study, 83 (81.3%) cases were gram-negative and 11 (10.7%) cases were gram-positive.
Conclusions: According to microbial culture, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E. coli, and coagulase-negative Staph aureus were the most commonly found organisms in diabetic foot ulcers. These findings suggest that appropriate management of diabetic foot ulcers should involve selecting an appropriate antimicrobial agent based on microbial culture and susceptibility testing.

Abstract:Non-healing ulcers can cause significant health problems and impair quality of life. Standard treatment procedures have been found to be ineffective in curing such lesions. Autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) has been cited in many research papers as an effective treatment for non-healing ulcers. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of PRFM in treating chronic non-healing ulcers. A prospective study was conducted in patients with trophic ulcers due to Hansen’s disease or diabetes mellitus, traumatic ulcers, and venous ulcers, aged between 18-85 years. PRFM was applied to healthy ulcers at weekly intervals, repeated for a maximum of five sittings as per requirement. Photographs were taken before treatment and at every subsequent sitting, and area and volume were calculated at baseline and every subsequent sitting until closure was achieved. The results of the study will help to determine the efficacy, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of PRFM in the treatment of non-healing ulcers.

Abstract:Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary tubercular infection. The clinical presentations, diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic approach of breast TB are not well understood. This study aimed to review the nonspecific clinical presentations, diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic approach of breast TB. Sixteen female patients diagnosed with breast TB between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 36.4 years, and the most common complaints were breast mass and pain. While 31.2% of the cases had a physical examination with suspicions for malignancy, 43.5% of the patients had Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) 3 lesions that suggested malignancy radiologically. Definitive diagnosis was based on histopathologic examination through core needle biopsy, excisional biopsy, and open biopsy taken from the abscess wall during drainage. All patients were treated with standard anti-TB therapy for 6 months. Thirteen patients recovered with standard therapy, while extended treatment for 9 to12 months was needed in 3 (18.8%) cases. Surgery was carried out in 6 cases, and 2 patients developed recurrence. Breast TB can be easily confused with breast cancer, suppurative abscess, and other causes of granulomatous mastitis, both clinically and radiologically. A multidisciplinary approach is required to prevent diagnostic delays and unnecessary surgical interventions. Although anti-TB therapy is the mainstay treatment of breast TB, surgery is usually indicated in patients refractory to medical treatment.