Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the socio-demographic profile of patients with hoarseness of voice and identify common predisposing factors for the condition.
Methods: We conducted a study of 100 cases of hoarseness of voice at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bangalore, Karnataka, over 18 months. Detailed histories, including habits and socio-demographic information, were obtained. We documented information on the onset, duration, precipitating factors, aggravating and relieving factors, and socio-economic status. All patients underwent general clinical and otorhinolaryngological, head, and neck examinations, as well as IDL/VDL.
Results: In our study, the most commonly affected age group was 50-60 years (21%), and males were more affected than females in a ratio of 1.2:1. The majority of patients were from urban areas, with most belonging to class 3 (36%). Agricultural workers and manual laborers had the highest incidence. The majority of patients presented within 15 days of symptom onset, and vocal abuse (32%) was the most common predisposing factor. All patients presented with a change in voice (100%), with associated symptoms including difficulty in swallowing (34%), voice fatigue (26%), weight loss, and loss of appetite.
Conclusion: Due to the prevailing COVID-19 situation, most patients in our study presented at a later stage, with significant changes in voice or associated symptoms. This was a major limitation of our study. We emphasize that any change in voice can have varied etiologies, and therefore requires appropriate investigation, screening, and early management. Awareness of the ill-effects of smoking, alcohol, tobacco, and vocal abuse is crucial in preventing various laryngeal pathologies.
