Background: Abruptio placenta is a serious pregnancy complication that occurs when the placenta separates partially or completely from the uterus after the age of viability and before delivery, which can result in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Aim: This study aimed to determine the percentage, sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and feto-maternal outcomes of abruptio placenta in a tertiary care hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Sangli.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included all cases of abruptio placenta that occurred between June 1\({}^{st}\), 2020 and May 31${}^{st}$, 2022 in the obstetrics ward of Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Sangli. Sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality data were extracted from patient case notes for analysis.
Results: Of the 966 deliveries during the study period, 37 cases (3.83%) of abruptio placenta were identified. The incidence of abruptio placenta was higher in the age group of 20-29 years (64.8%) and in multiparous women (59.4%). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were the most common risk factors, observed in 54.05% of cases. Prematurity was the major perinatal morbidity and was found in 56.7% of cases, followed by birth asphyxia in 37.8%. NICU admission was required for 48.6% of babies, and 29.7% were stillborn. The caesarean section rate was 70.3%. Blood transfusion was required for 28 subjects (75.6%), postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 10 subjects (27.02%), and postpartum anemia was observed in 20 subjects (54.05%). There were two maternal deaths, resulting in a maternal mortality rate of 5.4%. The perinatal mortality rate was 51.3% due to a higher percentage of stillbirths.
Conclusion: Abruptio placenta is a serious pregnancy complication that can result in significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were identified as the most important risk factor. Good antenatal care services and early referral to well-equipped institutions with qualified personnel, efficient blood banking systems, and good neonatal services are essential in reducing the adverse outcomes of abruptio placenta.
