Introduction: Acute kidney injury is characterised by a sudden and potentially reversible deterioration in renal function, resulting in impaired elimination of nitrogenous waste products and compromised fluid and electrolyte homoeostasis. Variations in the definitions utilised, the demographic under scrutiny, and the healthcare environments can result in notable disparities in the epidemiological data pertaining to acute kidney injury.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee in a tertiary-care teaching hospital located in a urban area. All individuals diagnosed with acute renal failure as defined by the RIFLE criteria were incorporated into the study. Individuals who were below the age of 18 were not included in the study. The enquiry comprised a comprehensive account of the patient’s medical background, a thorough physical examination, and a systemic evaluation. During the period of hospitalisation, patients were classified based on their RIFLE class, which includes R, I, or F. The classification of RIFLE is determined based on either the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or urine output. Patients were categorised based on their serum creatinine levels and urine output.
Results: Out of the total of 100 cases of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), 46% were female patients, whereas 54%) were male patients. The Mean age upon initial presentation was 55.22 \(\pm\) 14.91 years. AKI was determined to be primarily caused by sepsis. Among the sample of patients under investigation, 64% of the total, were identified as being associated with sepsis. The study observed a mortality rate of 40%.
Conclusion: Acute Kidney Injury is a prevalent complication observed in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The timely identification and management of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients have been shown to decrease mortality rates associated with AKI and all-cause mortality.
