Background: The thyroid gland is the largest gland among all endocrine glands. It secretes active hormones (T3 and T4, Calcitonin) influencing various metabolic processes. Diseases of the thyroid include developmental, inflammatory, hyperplastic and neoplastic disorders. The present work is an attempt to study the histopathological details of various thyroid lesions, to analyze them and to correlate them with clinical data.
Aim and Objectives: To study frequency and histopathology of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of thyroid.
Material and Methods: The present study, ‘Histopathological study of Lesions of Thyroid’, was undertaken at Histopathology section of Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra. The study was of 3 years duration from January 2013 to December 2015. The material was obtained by different surgical procedures such as total thyroidectomy, near total thyroidectomy, hemithyroidectomy, lobectomy and excision of cyst. Tissue samples for H\&E sections were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected to routine paraffin embedded processing after which this was then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. The thyroid lesions are classified into of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions on the basis of the World Health Organization histological classification of the thyroid tumours.
Results: In our study, Out of total 104 cases of thyroid lesions, there were 93 (89.42%) non neoplastic and 11 (10.58%) neoplastic lesions. The most frequently encountered specimen was hemithyroidectomy (58.65%), followed by near total thyroidectomy (22.12%). Out of total cases of 104 thyroid lesions, a maximum number of lesions were seen in patients in the age group of 31-40 years. Thyroid lesions predominantly seen in females with female to male ratio of 6.4:1 for all thyroid lesions Out of total 104 cases of thyroid lesions, there were 93 (89.42%) non neoplastic and 11 (10.58%) neoplastic lesions. Goiter was the most common lesion, which accounted for 80 cases (76.92%) of all the cases followed by thyroglossal cyst 07 cases(6.73%), follicular adenoma 07 cases (6.73%) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 06 cases (5.76%). The benign tumors were more common (72.73%) than malignant tumors (27.27%).
Conclusion: In our study, thyroid lesions showed a female predominance with most of them occurring in the age group of 31-40 years and most common thyroid lesions were non-neoplastic. Diagnosis by histopathological examination is important for the correct diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic lesions.
