Gallstone disease is a prevalent condition affecting 3-20% of the global population. While the majority of gallstones are asymptomatic, a small percentage of patients develop symptoms requiring cholecystectomy. The classification of gallstones includes cholesterol, pigment, and mixed types, with ongoing debates regarding the association of hyperlipidemia with gallstone formation. However, there is a lack of information regarding the relationship between abnormal lipid profiles and the biochemical analysis of gallstones. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between serum lipid profiles and the biochemical analysis of gallstones in patients with cholelithiasis. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with gallbladder stones were included in the study, and preoperative samples were collected for lipid profile analysis. The patients underwent either open or laparoscopic surgery, and their gallstones were sent for biochemical analysis. The findings revealed that cholesterol stones were the most common type observed. The overall prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 48%, and a significant association was found between hyperlipidemia and the cholesterol content of stones. In particular, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 54.3% in pure cholesterol stones, 48.8% in mixed stones, and 23.1% in pigmented stones. Moreover, there was a significant association between blood cholesterol levels and cholesterol stones, with a prevalence of 39.1% in pure cholesterol stones, 19.5% in mixed stones, and 7.7% in pigmented stones. However, no association was observed between triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels with the composition of stones in cholelithiasis cases. In conclusion, this study highlights a significant association between blood cholesterol levels, hyperlipidemia, and the cholesterol content of gallstones, suggesting that hyperlipidemia, particularly raised cholesterol levels, can be considered a major risk factor in cholelithiasis.
