Volume 4 (2021) – Issue 1

EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 80 – 97 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Abstract: In this decade there will an unprecedented growth of generated data, computations, instructions, and operations. This growth may not compromise clean air, clean water and a sustainable energy and material usage, but rather facilitate these prerequisites for flora and fauna. There are many indications (expected trends and estimates) showing that the Internet Sector will be able to provide solutions to other Sectors such as Buildings, Transportation and Industry which will help reduce the total global consumption of energy and materials. For instance, products are replaced by virtual services e.g. by using e-readers instead of paperbacks, and transportation is avoided by online shopping or Internet meetings. This is more resource and energy efficient than before and entire sectors, like transport, industry, and agriculture can be optimized. Internet may foster new sustainable lifestyles which can lower the affluence despite certain rebound effects. The underlying idea is that e.g. human-related global greenhouse gas (GHG) supply can be significantly halted if existing and developing ICT Solutions are used in other sectors (and in the Internet infrastructure itself) to cause a handprint. Such solutions include products-sold-as-services, smart Grid and smart metering. Compared to earlier approaches, the 2020 transformative effects on smart work, land use and smart circularity are included in the discussion, as well as consequential LCA modelling. Internet’s handprint will be 4-7 times its footprint in 2030. The handprint is highly dependent e.g. on how large share of the buildings can adopt smart metering and the product to service rate. Internet will in itself use intelligent ICT solutions as well as neuromorphic, reversible and superconducting computing as well as nanophotonics to mitigate its own material and energy use. However, more importantly the intelligent ICT solutions should be used in the rest of the society to reach efficiency goals. Power saving is a highly efficient strategy for cost reduction in the Internet Sector itself and beyond.

EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 77 – 79 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Abstract: Nowadays, scholars are very interested to determine the solution of different Diophantine equations because these equations have numerous applications in the field of coordinate geometry, cryptography, trigonometry and applied algebra. These equations help us for finding the integer solution of famous Pythagoras theorem and Pell’s equation. Finding the solution of Diophantine equations have many challenges for scholars due to absence of generalize methods. In the present paper, author studied the exponential Diophantine equation \((2^{2m+1}-1)+(13)^n=z^2\), where \(m,n\) are whole numbers, for its solution in whole numbers. Results show that the exponential Diophantine equation \((2^{2m+1}-1)+(13)^n=z^2\), where \(m\), \(n\) are whole numbers, has no solution in whole number.

EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 69 – 76 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Abstract: We theoretically present the physical realization of one dimensional (1D) atom localization by superposition of three standing wave fields in a four-level tripod atomic configuration. The most interesting result that we observe is the variation of the bandwidth of the localization peaks with the intensity of the space independent Rabi frequency. A sharp single and double localized peaks are observed at different direction of the wave numbers. The bandwidth of a localized peak is reduced as the intensity of the space independent Rabi frequency goes on increasing, which corresponds to the reduction in the uncertainty. These results will hopefully contribute to the development of current high tech-applications.

EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 62 – 68 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of factors on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to establish predictive models using machine learning methods. Data were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine between January 2016 and December 2017, including 69 CKD patients and 155 healthy subjects. This study found that carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is the most important indicator among the top 9 important features of each model. In order to find the best model to diagnosis CKD, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression are established and XGBoost is the most suitable model for this study (accuracy, 0.93; specificity, 0.89; sensitivity, 0.94; F1 score, 0.91; AUC, 0.99).

EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 50 – 61 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Abstract: Out of the top ten current global issues, climate change and pollution top the list. These issues have brought about adverse effects on our climate, health and communities. This study aims to investigate the structural performance of sawdust ash blended steel slag aggregate concrete and modelling their structural properties using a multivariate interpolation method. In order to achieve this, the physical properties, physio-chemical, chemical composition, mechanical properties tests were conducted. The result revealed that sawdust ash is classified as a class C type pozzolan having a total of 61.59% combined percentage masses of silica, alumina and ferric oxides, while steel slag aggregate is classified as poorly graded. The composite concrete recorded higher density, compressive and split tensile strengths when compared with normal concrete cured in potable water. The results revealed that normal concrete with normal aggregate is more durable than sawdust ash blended steel slag aggregate (composite) concrete when cured in an aggressive environment. The developed models were found to agree strongly with the experimental data, with an outstanding correlation level. This research has led to the creation of high strength pozzolan blended steel slag aggregate concrete, thus improving waste management, reduction in environmental pollution and \(CO_2\) gas emission.

EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 42 – 49 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Abstract: Collocation methods are efficient approximate methods developed by utilizing suitable set of functions known as trial or basis functions. These methods are used for solving differential equations, integral equations and integro-differential equations, etc. In this study, the Laguerre polynomial of degree 10 is used as a basis function to propose a collocation method for solving higher order linear ordinary differential equations. Four examples on \(4th\), \(6th\), \(8th\) and \(10th\) order ordinary differential equations are selected to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. The numerical results show that the proposed collocation method is easy and straightforward to implement, nevertheless, it is very accurate.

EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 30 – 41 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Abstract: In this paper, a new forms of extended hypergeometric functions are introduced. Some functional relations, integral representations and transformation formulas for these functions are derived.

EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 21 – 29 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Abstract: This paper presents the variation of radiofrequencies intensities from the DTTV-transmitter in Kampala Metropolitan for the sub 700 MHz (470-694 MHz) and the 700 MHz (694-790 MHz) frequency bands. The results of this study showed that though all the measurement locations from the transmitter have a good reception of DTTV signals, their radiofrequency intensities varied at the different points on the same measurement location at a constant distance from the DTTV transmitter. The study further showed that there is a general decrease in the radiofrequency intensities for the sub 700 MHz frequency band and a slight general increase in the radiofrequency intensities for the 700 MHz frequency band. This research revealed that the measured Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) values for all the measurement locations where within the IEEE and FCC recommended values for any DTTV signal reception.

EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 14 – 20 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Abstract: In this paper, we establish some new Čebyšev type inequalities for functions whose modulus of the mixed derivatives are co-ordinated quasi-convex and \(\alpha\)-quasi-convex and \(s\)-quasi-convex functions.

EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 1 – 13 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Abstract: In this study, a mathematical model of dual latency compartments is developed to investigate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in Oyo state, Nigeria. The model consists of non-pharmaceutical control strategies which include the use of face masks, social-distancing and impact of mass-media on the spread of novel coronavirus in the state. Results indicate control reproduction number \(R_C = 1.4\) with possibilities of high constructive influence of mass-media. Thus, at the fitted values of \(\sigma _f = 0.1,\; \sigma _d = 0.1,\;\sigma _m = 0.6\), the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic is attained after 59,217 infectious quarantined individuals and 328,440 infectious but not quarantined individuals have contracted COVID-19 in about 439 and 443 days respectively from the date of the first incidence. Therefore, efforts on mass-media with programs that can inform the people on effective use of face masks, social-distancing and other safety measures can aid reduction of reproduction number to a value below 1 necessary for eradication of the disease.