Distribution of Prime Numbers and Fibonacci Polynomials

Author(s): Vladimir Pletser1
1 European Space Research and Technology Centre (ret.); Current address: Blue Abyss, Newquay, Cornwall, United Kingdom;
Copyright © Vladimir Pletser. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Squares of odd index Fibonacci polynomials are used to define a new function \(\Phi\left(10^{n}\right)\) to approximate the number \(\pi\left(10^{n}\right)\) of primes less than \(10^{n}\). Multiple of 4 index Fibonacci polynomials are further used to define another new function \(\Psi\left(10^{n}\right)\) to approximate the number \(\Delta\left(\pi\left(10^{n}\right)\right)\) of primes having \(n\) digits and compared to a third function \(\Psi’\left(10^{n}\right)\) defined as the difference of the first function \(\Phi\left(10^{n}\right)\) based on odd index Fibonacci polynomials. These three functions provide better approximations of \(\pi\left(10^{n}\right)\) than those based on the classical \(\left(\frac{x}{log\left(x\right)}\right)\), Gauss’ approximation \(Li\left(x\right)\), and the Riemann \(R\left(x\right)\) functions.

Keywords: {Distribution of Prime Numbers; Fibonacci Numbers; Fibonacci Polynomials