Engineering and Applied Science Letters (EASL) (2617-9709 Online, 2617-9695 Print) is an international and fully open-access journal from the publishers of Ptolemy Research Press. We publish scientifically valid primary research from all areas of the Engineering and Applied Sciences. We publish one volume containing four issues in March, June, September and December each year. The accepted papers will be published online immediately in the currently running issue.
The objective of the present study was to investigate and compare the efficacy, physiochemical equivalence and purity of API’s of different brands of cetirizine 2HCl tablets (10mg) with that of multinational brands available in local market of Lahore, Pakistan. The present work also provides awareness to allergy patients about most effective local brands with reasonable prices, without any health risk. Spectrophotometric method was used for chemical assay, TLC technique was subjected for the purity of API’s and physiochemical parameters was employed i.e; weight variation, hardness, friability, thickness, disintegration time and dissolution study as well as price fluctuation in PK rupees. The results of all physiochemical parameters and chemical assay were found to be within limit and meet to the pharmacopeial standards. TLC technique was developed to check the quality and purity of API, all the active ingredients showed the similar \(R_{f}\)-values without any impurity (0.38-0.39). From the test results and plots, it was observed and concluded that an economical and quality products can be prescribed for allergy patients whether they are manufactured by the local or multinational pharmaceutical companies without any health risk.
For an arborescence \(A_r\), a directed pathos total digraph \(Q=DPT(A_r)\) has vertex set \(V(Q)=V(A_r)\cup A(A_r)\cup P(A_r)\), = where \(V(A_r)\) is the vertex set, \(A(A_r)\) is the arc set, and \(P(A_r)\) is a directed pathos set of \(A_r\). The arc set \(A(Q)\) consists of the following arcs: \(ab\) such that \(a,b \in A(A_r)\) and the head of \(a\) coincides with the tail of \(b\); \(uv\) such that \(u,v \in V(A_r)\) and \(u\) is adjacent to \(v\); \(au\) \((ua)\) such that \(a\in A(A_r)\) and \(u \in V(A_r)\) and the head (tail) of \(a\) is \(u\); \(Pa\) such that \(a \in A(A_r)\) and \(P \in P(A_r)\) and the arc \(a\) lies on the directed path \(P\); \(P_iP_j\) such that \(P_i, P_j \in P(A_r)\) and it is possible to reach the head of \(P_j\) from the tail of \(P_i\) through a common vertex, but it is possible to reach the head of \(P_i\) from the tail of \(P_j\). For this class of digraphs we discuss the planarity; outerplanarity; maximal outerplanarity; minimally nonouterplanarity; and crossing number one properties of these digraphs. The problem of reconstructing an arborescence from its directed pathos total digraph is also presented.
The application of graph theory in chemical and molecular structure research far exceeds people’s expectations, and it has recently grown exponentially. In the molecular graph, atoms are represented by vertices and bonded by edges. In this report, we study the several Zagreb polynomials and Redefined Zagreb indices of Oxide Network.
Topological indices are numerical numbers associated with a graph that helps to predict many properties of underlined graph. In this paper we aim to compute multiplicative degree based topological indices of Jahangir graph.
In this paper, we study completete monotonicity properties of certain functions associated with the polygamma functions. Subsequently, we deduce some inequalities involving difference of polygamma functions.
A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a miniature cylindrical carbon structure that has hexagonal graphite molecules attached at the edges. In this paper, we compute the numerical invariant (Topological indices) of linear [n]-phenylenic, lattice of \(C_{4}C_{6}C_{8}[m, n]\), \(TUC_{4}C_{6}C_{8}[m, n]\) nanotube, \(C_{4}C_{6}C_{8}[m, n]\) nanotori.
