Background: Background: Enhanced iron levels in patients afflicted with \(\beta\)-thalassemia induces oxidative stress, which restrains the secretion of gonadal and pituitary hormones. The associated severity level based on several hormones and oxidative stress biomarkers is not been demonstrated so far.
Method: The present study encompasses the employment of hierarchical clustering and different classifiers for determining the severity of the disease based on the analyzed clinical parameters in the study population. Furthermore, the hormonal parameters along with ferritin levels were used as input parameters for the prediction of the oxidative stress biomarkers ([Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl] through neural networks.
Result: A Significant negative correlation was observed between the oxidative stress biomarkers and the hormonal levels in both the female and male datasets of the case group. The clustering results depicted that the datasets corresponding to high oxidative stress biomarkers with very low gonadal hormones represented severe levels of the disease. Support vector machine outperformed the other classifiers in the case of the male dataset. The neural network efficiently predicted female and male models’ MDA and protein carbonyl values. High Fisher’s F-value (2042.035 to 6353.659) and low p-value (<0.001) established the significance of each model.
Conclusion: The proposed framework can be used as a real-life decision tool for medical professionals to diagnose and treat \(\beta\)-thalassemia from a proper classification of the severity of the disease. Furthermore, the passive determination of some critical blood parameters may avoid the complex analytical procedure and its high cost.

Background and Aim: Bilateral superficial cervical plexus block provides adequate analgesia in the neck region for thyroid surgery. Intermediate cervical plexus block can block all four cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus and sensory/ motor branches of the cervical plexus supplying the sternocleidomastoid muscle simultaneously so that provides adequate analgesia and anesthesia for neck surgeries that involve manipulation or resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Along with general anesthesia, bilateral superficial cervical plexus block with intermediate cervical plexus block was given to reduce intraoperative opioid requirement and increase the duration of postoperative analgesia.
Material and Methods: A total of 56 patients aged between 18 to 65 years of either sex, ASA I and II, undergoing elective thyroid surgery were randomly allocated in two groups. Group S receives bilateral superficial and intermediate cervical plexus block with Inj. Ropivacaine 0.375% before induction of general anesthesia, and Group C receives no block. In both groups, intraoperative opioid requirement, intraoperative hemodynamics, time of rescue analgesia, total no. of rescue analgesic in 24 hours, total duration of analgesia, and complications were noted.
Results: Group S (\(25\pm0\) micrograms) had less mean fentanyl requirement intraoperatively than group C (\(35\pm14.43\) micrograms). Intraoperative hemodynamics were better in Group S compared to Group C. Total duration of analgesia was prolonged in group S (\(24.57\pm4.72\) hours) than in Group C (\(4.57\pm2.10\) hours). Total no. of rescue analgesic was reduced in group S (8 patients (28.57%)- 1 dose and 20 patients (71.42%)- no analgesic) as compared to group C (7 patients (25%)- 3 doses, 20 patients (71.42%)- 2 doses, one patient (3.57%)- one dose).
Conclusion: Combination of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block with intermediate cervical plexus block reduces intraoperative opioid requirement and increases postoperative analgesia with better intraoperative hemodynamic variables and fewer side effects.

Before taking the dimension, the persons were positioned such that the hips and knees were in extension, the quadriceps muscles were relaxed, and the legs and ankles were neutral. Following mark¬ing, one of the arms of the manual goniometric was placed such that the ASIS and the patellar middle point were combined, and the other arm was placed so that the tuberose as tibia and the patellar centre were collective. The dimension value was recorded after the manual goniometry was positioned. \textbf{Aim and Objective:} The objective of the study is to find out the bilateral variation in the mean Q- angle (Quadriceps angle) values in both male and female. This study is to determine the correlation between Q- angle (quadriceps angle) values, Bicondylar distance and body height measurement. Material and Method: The present study was done on 500 adult human subjects (300 male and 200 female) of north Indian origin. The Q angle is precise with a full circle universal manual goniometry which is made of clear steel with the subject standing in the upright weight-bearing position. Result: The dimension of Quadriceps angle values in males from right side (mean 13.25) and from left side (mean 13.41) , the Q- angle values in females from right side (mean 16.97) and from left side (mean 16.35) (P<0.0001). The effect shows that the Q- angle was more prominent in females than in males. The difference of Q-angle with dominant side revealed that left side of Q- angle value (both males and females) was more often higher than right side. Conclusion and Discussion: The Quadriceps angle values of both males and females decreases with increases in body height which shows a positive correlation with body height and condylar distance. Positive correlation exists between Quadriceps angle and Body height.

It is on record that rolling out COVID-19 vaccines has been one of the fastest for any vaccine production worldwide. Despite this prompt action taken to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19, the disease persists. One of the reasons for the persistence of the disease is that the vaccines do not confer immunity against the infections. Moreover, the virus-causing COVID-19 mutates, rendering the vaccines less effective on the new strains of the disease. This research addresses the multi-strains transmission dynamics and herd immunity threshold of the disease. Local stability analysis of the disease-free steady state reveals that the pandemic can be contained when the basic reproduction number, \(R_{0}\) is brought below unity. The results of numerical simulations also agree with the theoretical results. The herd immunity thresholds for some of the vaccines against COVID-19 were computed to guide the management of the disease. This model can be applied to any strain of the disease.

The purpose of this paper is the study of the growth of solutions of higher order linear differential equations \(f^{\left( k\right) }+\left( A_{k-1,1}\left( z\right) e^{P_{k-1}\left(z\right) }+A_{k-1,2}\left( z\right) e^{Q_{k-1}\left( z\right) }\right)f^{\left( k-1\right) }+\cdots +\left( A_{0,1}\left( z\right) e^{P_{0}\left( z\right)
}+A_{0,2}\left( z\right) e^{Q_{0}\left( z\right) }\right) f=0\) and \(f^{\left( k\right) }+\left( A_{k-1,1}\left( z\right) e^{P_{k-1}\left(z\right) }+A_{k-1,2}\left( z\right) e^{Q_{k-1}\left( z\right) }\right)f^{\left( k-1\right) }+\cdots +\left( A_{0,1}\left( z\right) e^{P_{0}\left( z\right)}+A_{0,2}\left( z\right) e^{Q_{0}\left( z\right) }\right) f=F\left( z\right),\) where \(A_{j,i}\left( z\right) \left( \not\equiv 0\right) \left(j=0,…,k-1;i=1,2\right) ,\) \(F\left( z\right) \) are meromorphic functions of finite order and \(P_{j}\left( z\right) ,Q_{j}\left( z\right) \) \((j=0,1,…,k-1;i=1,2)\) are polynomials with degree \(n\geq 1\). Under some others conditions, we extend the previous results due to Hamani and Belaïdi [1].

A \(2\)-noncrossing tree is a rooted tree drawn in the plane with its vertices (colored black or white) on the boundary of a circle such that the edges are line segments that do not intersect inside the circle and there is no black-black ascent in any path from the root. A rooted tree is said to be increasing if the labels of the vertices are increasing as one moves away from the root. In this paper, we use generating functions and bijections to enumerate \(2\)-noncrossing increasing trees by the number of blacks vertices and by root degree. Bijections with noncrossing trees, ternary trees, 2-plane trees, certain Dyck paths, and certain restricted lattice paths are established.

This paper introduces the new notion of total chromatic vertex stress of a graph. Results for certain tree families and other \(2\)-colorable graphs are presented. The notions of chromatically-stress stability and chromatically-stress regularity are also introduced. New research avenues are also proposed.

Coloring the arcs of biregular graphs was introduced with possible applications to industrial chemistry, molecular biology, cellular neuroscience, etc. Here, we deal with arc coloring in some non-bipartite graphs. In fact, for \(1<k\in\mathbb{Z}\), we find that the odd graph \(O_k\) has an arc factorization with colors \(0,1,\ldots,k\) such that the sum of colors of the two arcs of each edge equals \(k\). This is applied to analyzing the influence of such arc factorizations in recently constructed uniform 2-factors in \(O_k\) and in Hamilton cycles in \(O_k\) as well as in its double covering graph known as the middle-levels graph \(M_k\).

Let \(G\) be a graph with \(n\) vertices. The second Zagreb energy of graph \(G\) is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the second Zagreb matrix of graph \(G\). In this paper, we derive the relation between the second Zagreb matrix and the adjacency matrix of graph \(G\) and derive the new upper bound for the second Zagreb energy in the context of trace. We also derive the second Zagreb energy of \(m-\)splitting graph and \(m-\)shadow graph of a graph.

The Sombor index (\(SO\)) and the modified Sombor index (\(^mSO\)) are two closely related vertex-degree-based graph invariants. Both were introduced in the 2020s, and have already found a variety of chemical, physicochemical, and network-theoretical applications. In this paper, we examine the product \(SO \cdot {^mSO}\) and determine its main properties. It is found that the structure-dependence of this product is fully different from that of either \(SO\) or \(^mSO\). Lower and upper bounds for \(SO \cdot {^mSO}\) are established and the extremal graphs are characterized. For connected graphs, the minimum value of the product \(SO \cdot {^mSO}\) is the square of the number of edges. In the case of trees, the maximum value pertains to a special type of eclipsed sun graph, trees with a single branching point.