Engineering and Applied Science Letters (EASL)

Engineering and Applied Science Letters (EASL) (2617-9709 Online, 2617-9695 Print) is an international and fully open-access journal from the publishers of Ptolemy Research Press. We publish scientifically valid primary research from all areas of the Engineering and Applied Sciences. We publish one volume containing four issues in March, June, September and December each year. The accepted papers will be published online immediately in the currently running issue.

Latest Published Articles

Author(s): Tristram de Piro1
1Flat 3, Redesdale House, 85 The Park, Cheltenham, GL50 2RP.
Abstract:

We consider non oscillatory functions and prove an everywhere Fourier Inversion Theorem for functions of very moderate decrease. The proofs rely on some ideas in nonstandard analysis.

Author(s): M. A. Ramadan1, M.M. A. Mansour2, N. M. El-Shazly1, H. S. Osheba1
1Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt.
2Department of basic science, Modern Academy of Computer Science and Management Technology in Maadi, Egypt.
Abstract:

To solve the approximate analytic solutions of the quadratic Riccati differential equations, this study introduces a hybrid method that combines an accelerated variant of the Adomian decomposition method (AADM) proposed by I. El-Kalla with the Ramadan Group transform (RGT). This hybrid technique produces accurate and dependable results, outperforming the regular Adomian decomposition method (RADM) and the Newton- Raphson version of Adomian polynomials in terms of accuracy. Three examples are provided here to demonstrate good accuracy and fast convergence when compared to the exact solution and other recent analytical methods using Shifted Chebyshev polynomials, Variation of Parameters Method (VPM), Bezier polynomials, homotopy analysis method (HAM), and Newton – Raphson based modified Laplace Adomian decomposition method.

Author(s): E. Bwayo1,2, W. K. Njoroge1, J. Okumu1, D. Mukiibi3
1Department of Physics, School of Physical and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi-Kenya.
2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P. O. Box 725, Arua-Uganda.
3Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala- Uganda.
Abstract:

The performance of an antireflection coating entirely depends on the proportion of light energy transmitted or reflected by the coating material. To enhance the transmittance of an antireflection coating, evaluation of the amount of the light energy transmitted to generate charge carriers is very critical. Thus, in this paper, we demonstrate the effect of sputtering power and gas flow rate on the optical transmittance of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and copper-doped zinc sulphide (ZnS:Cu) antireflection nanostructures. To this end, radiofrequency sputtering was used for the deposition of ZnS:Cu, using the ZnS:Cu target (94/6.0%) using argon (99.9% pure), and direct current sputtering was used for the deposition of Al2O3 using the aluminium target (99.99% purity) and oxygen (99.9% pure). The gas flow rates of 40 to 100 sccm were used. The sputtering power values of 70 W to 140 W were used at a low process pressure of 6.5×103. The transmittance was observed to decrease with an increase in sputter power and deposition time. However, the transmittance of single-layer nanofilms was lower than that of the double-layer nanostructures. For photovoltaic applications, the Al2O3/ZnS:Cu(112.1 nm) nanostructure exhibited the highest transmittance of 96.9% at λ=780 nm. The reflectance of the nanostructures increased with an increase in coating time and sputtering power, with the lowest value of 3.03% recorded at 360 nm. The nanostructures are crystalline, smooth, and dense but the crystallite sizes decreased from 0.02508 to 0.02071 \AA with an increase in gas flow rate. This decrease in crystallinity was due to the reduced adatom migration on the substrate. The optimal gas flow rate was 100 sccm, in which the Al2O3/ZnS:Cu(117 nm) had the highest transmittance of 97.7% at λ=741 nm. The results demonstrate the potential use of Al2O3/ZnS:Cu nanostructures as antireflection materials for photovoltaic solar cells.

Author(s): Rasaki Olawale Olanrewaju1, Toyin Omoyeni Oguntola2, Lukman Abiodun Nafiu3, Sodiq Adejare Olanrewaju4
1Business Analytics Value Networks (BAVNs), Africa Business School (ABS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), X4JH+QJR Avenue Mohamed Ben Abdellah Regragui, Rabat 10112, Morocco
2Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
3School of Graduates and Research at Metropolitan International University (MIU), Kampala, Uganda
4Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, University of Ibadan, 900001, Oyo State, Nigeria
Abstract:

{In this article we studied and juxtaposed nonparametric Least Square and the Olanrewaju-Olanrewaju regression-type L(OO)λγ(|θ|) kernels for supervised Support Vector Regressor (SVR) machine learning of hyperplane regression in a bivariate setting. The nonparametric kernels used to expound the SVR were Bisquare, Gaussian, Triweight, Uniform, Epanechnikov, and Triangular. Lagrangian multiplier estimation technique was adopted in estimating the involved SVR hyperplane regression coefficients as well as other embedded coefficients in each of the stated kernels. In addition, point estimate of the Euclidean distance (r) and error margin (d) in each of the SVR kernels were carved-out. In demonstration to the annual birthrate and its percentage change (Δ%) of the Nigeria populace from 1950 to 2023, the Olanrewaju-Olanrewaju regression-type kernel for SVR robustly outperformed the nonparametric and Least Square kernel-based SVRs with a miniature Cross-Validation index of -1205.49. 5.9% and 3.2% hyperplane estimated regression coefficients from the Olanrewaju-Olanrewaju kernel-based SVR were recorded for the annual birthrate and its percentage change (Δ%) respectively. Interpretably, this connotes that for every one percent increment in the annual birthrate per 1000, the mean rate of the Nigeria populace from 1950 to 2023 increased by 5.9% while other variables were held constant. Similarly, its percentage change per 1000 increased by 3.2% while other variables were held constant. In recommendation, the nonparametric and Olanrewaju-Olanrewaju regression-type SVRs as well as the Least Square SVR were pinpointed for future consideration of categorical, missing and zero bivariate observations.

Author(s): Sampada B. Warake1, Prashant D Sarvalkar2, Neeraj R. Prasad2, Avinash A. Ramteke1, Kiran K Sharma2
1Department of Chemistry, Devchand College, Arjunnagar-591237, Dist. – Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
2Nanoscience and Technology, Shivaji University Kolhapur, India
Abstract:

The ability of organisms or organic compounds to reduce metal ions and stabilize them into nanoparticles is known as green synthesis. Various synthesis methods have been developed, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. In recent years, nanomaterials have found extensive applications in biological sciences, particularly in health and veterinary medicine. For these applications, it is crucial that nanomaterials are biocompatible and non-toxic. Consequently, researchers have increasingly focused on biological synthesis routes. Drawing inspiration from the ancient Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, some researchers have recently synthesized nanomaterials using Indian cow urine. This review aims to catalog the various nanomaterials produced using Indian cow urine and to discuss their catalytic and biological activities.

Author(s): Aschale Moges Belay1, Snehashish Chakraverty2
1Department of Mathematics, Debark University, P.O.Box 90, Ethiopia
2Department of Mathematics, NIT Rourkela, India
Abstract:

This study focused on developing mathematical algorithms for the perpetual Ethiopian calendar and similar calendars. The primary objective was to demonstrate the methodology for creating these algorithms. The research identified that arithmetic progression, ceiling function, congruence modulo, floor function, and Bahre Hasabe are fundamental concepts necessary for this development. Utilizing these concepts, the study successfully developed mathematical algorithms for the perpetual Ethiopian calendar and analogous calendars.

Author(s): Sudhanshu Aggarwal1, Lalit Mohan Upadhyaya2
1Department of Mathematics, National Post Graduate College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh -273402, India
2Department of Mathematics, Municipal Post Graduate College, Mussoorie, Dehradun, Uttarakhand -248179, India
Abstract:

An experimental study conducted by Ankit Kumar and colleagues (Kumar, Gupta, Pandey, Govil, and Patel, “Status of Arsenic Contamination in District Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh, India,” in Emerging Trends in Science, Social Science and Engineering, edited by Aggarwal, Pandey, Naik, Mishra, Raj, Tripathi, and Shukla, pp. 60-73, ISBN 9789358380125, Astitva Prakashan, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh) has identified significant levels of arsenic contamination in the groundwater of Lakhimpur district, Uttar Pradesh. Their findings indicate that arsenic levels are notably higher in the shallow regions compared to the deeper India Mark II regions across eight selected study sites. Building on these findings, this paper aims to apply a dose-response Hill model to analyze and explain the observed patterns of arsenic contamination in the groundwater resources of Lakhimpur district.

Author(s): Jonah Lissner1,2,3,4
1Alumnus, Foukzon Laboratory, Center for Mathematical Sciences, Technion — Israel Institute of Technology
2Invited Scientist, Numerical Calculus Laboratory, University of Calabria
3Researcher, Laboratoire de Mecanique Quantique et Structures de l’Information
4Director, Center for Computer Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Physics [CCSMEP]
Abstract:

Entropy patterns typically transfer actions of two-state relations in nonlinear systems. Here, multivalent logic is applied from autowave fields to selected Quantum Neurophysical systems.

Author(s): Belindar A. Juma1, Abayomi S. Oke2, Winifred N. Mutuku1, Afolabi G. Ariwayo2, Olum J. Ouru1
1Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, Kenyatta University, Kenya.
2Department of Mathematical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria.
Abstract:

Enhancement of heat and mass transfer heat over rotating plates in industrial processes is a major area of research recently due to several attempts to find cost-effective means. In this study, the flow of Williamson fluid is considered because of its ability to exhibit pseudo-plastic and shear-thinning properties. A theoretical analysis of the effect of Coriolis force and the angle inclination on the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Williamson fluid is considered. The flow is modelled by including Coriolis force and angle of inclination in the Navier-Stokes equation. By adopting a suitable similarity transformation, the system of governing partial differential equations is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations which are solved using bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The simulations are depicted as graphs and it is found that velocity increases with increasing Coriolis force while it decreases as the magnetic field strength and inclination angle increases. Also, the local skin friction reduces as the rotation increases. Hence, to boost heat and mass transfer in the flow of fluid over a rotating inclined plate in a magnetic field, it is recommended that rotation should be increased and magnetic field strength should be reduced.

Author(s): Igibah Ehizemhen Christopher1, Busari, Ayobami Adebola1, Aderinola Olumuyiwa Samson2, Agashua Lucia Omolayo2
1Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
2Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Abstract:

This study investigates contemporary and emerging transportation problems in North-central Nigeria. Its primary objective is to identify and characterize the major challenges facing passengers within the region and to propose a sustainable institutional framework for improved transportation management. The study draws upon data collected through field audits in three North-central states: the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nasarawa, and Niger. Key findings highlight the lack of developed transit connections to major activity centers. The study concludes that these challenges stem from inefficiencies within the existing institutional mechanisms for transportation management. To address this, the study proposes the establishment of an effective, innovative transport system, such as an intercity train network within the North-central zone, as a sustainable transportation management strategy for the region.