Article Processing Charges

This journal follows the Diamond Open Access publishing model. There are no article processing charges, publication charges, submission fees, page charges, or online access fees for standard publication.

Authors are not required to pay any fee to submit, process, review, or publish their manuscripts in this journal. Readers are also not required to pay any subscription or access fee to read, download, or share the published articles from the journal website.

All articles published in this journal are freely available online. This means that the journal is free for both authors and readers.

The Diamond Open Access policy ensures that publication decisions are based only on the academic quality, originality, relevance, ethical compliance, peer-review assessment, and scholarly contribution of the manuscript. No payment is required from authors for editorial consideration or publication.

Authors retain copyright of their published work and grant the journal the right of first publication. Published articles are made available under a Creative Commons license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited and the author names are given.

Please note that optional services such as printed journal copies, article reprints, or physical copies are separate from online publication. Any charges for printed materials apply only to printed copies and do not affect the free online availability of published articles.