Background: Hypertension affects individuals of all classes and across all groups. The relationship between blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease events is continuous and independent of other risk factors.
Aim and Objectives: The present study aimed to identify various modes of presentation and the clinical profile of hypertensive emergencies in our hospital.
Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 100 patients admitted to this hospital over a period of two years. Patients who presented with an elevated blood pressure of systolic blood pressure >180mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >110mmHg, with a history of acute target organ damage, or with laboratory evidence of acute target organ damage were included in the study.
Results: Of the 100 patients studied, 88 were known hypertensives, among whom 54 had discontinued their antihypertensives before the incident, while the remaining 46 patients continued their medication. Among the 100 patients, 28 had diabetes mellitus and 28 had dyslipidemias. Out of 100 patients with hypertensive emergencies, 12 died before discharge, resulting in a hospital mortality rate of 12%. All expired patients had intracerebral hemorrhage.
Conclusion: Known hypertensives are at a higher risk of presenting with acute target organ damage associated with hypertensive emergency. The presence of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia increases the chance of developing hypertensive emergencies.

In modern education, innovative techniques and updated technology are essential tools for effective teaching. As the medical field advances, new teaching methods and modalities are necessary to generate interest and provide practical learning experiences. Histology is a crucial component of medical education, and a thorough understanding of both the theory and slide recognition is necessary for medical students. This study aimed to investigate the intervention of Basic Pathology into Histology and its impact on First MBBS students’ response. The study involved 81 students from SKIMS Medical College in the Department of Anatomy and Pathology, who were administered a questionnaire. The results showed that students appreciated the integration of pathological perspectives with normal histology and found the combined approach useful and relevant. The study highlights the importance of practical teaching methods and the need for continuous improvement in teaching and assessment methods in medical education.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health issue globally, and India is no exception to its growing prevalence in many emerging nations. In the near future, India will emerge as the global capital of diabetes.
Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate ocular surface changes and ocular surface disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among all known cases of diabetes mellitus aged over 40 years, attending the eye outpatient department and diabetic clinic at Dr. Sushila Tiwari Government Hospital, Haldwani, Nainital.
Results: The mean age of diabetic patients was 60.82\(\pm\)10.23 (41-79) years. The majority of cases were female (59.7%), followed by males (40.3%). The rural population (56%) was more affected by ocular surface disorders in patients with type II diabetes mellitus than the urban population (44%). Homemakers (50.2%) were the largest group, followed by outdoor workers (30.8%), office workers (12%), and factory workers (7%). Itching was present in 22.0%, lacrimation in 54.8%, burning in 66.8%, foreign body sensation in 85.6%, and blurring of vision in 53.2%.
Conclusions: This study establishes a causal relationship between ocular surface disorder and diabetes mellitus.

Background: Beta-thalassemia syndromes are a category of genetic blood disorders defined by reduced or incomplete beta globin chain synthesis, leading to lower hemoglobin levels in red blood cells (RBC), lower RBC output, and anemia.
Aims and objectives: To study the growth pattern in thalassemic children who are on regular chelation therapy and blood transfusion in comparison to normal children and serum ferritin level in these children and its relation to growth pattern and oral chelation therapy.
Methods: The present study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. One hundred and one transfusion-dependent thalassemic children on oral chelation therapy, attending the pediatric ward in Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, were enrolled during the study period from 1st May 2021 to 30th April 2022.
Results: This study provides evidence that children suffering from transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) are prone to growth retardation, with underweight, stunting, and wasting being 31.6%, 52.4%, and 27.7%, respectively.
Conclusion: In conclusion, short stature is an important complication in TDT. Growth in patients with TDT is significantly related to age, sex, hemoglobin level, and iron overload status. Management with hypertransfusion and good control of iron overload is important to achieve optimum growth in patients with TDT.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus causes many diseases like genital warts, sexual transmitted diseases; cervical cancer. Human papilloma virus vaccine is available for adolescent girls. Though it is effective its use has not increased. Therefore, the current study is designed to determine the awareness, acceptance and hesitancy among nursing students.

Background: Pregnancy increases the demand for nutrients and hemoglobin. Besides these, physiological changes in blood parameters also occurs during pregnancy. Anemia in pregnancy is a serious condition contributing to increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Present study has been undertaken with the knowledge of hemoglobin values and its distribution in different trimesters of pregnancy.
Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, prospective, comparative, parallel-group, observational study, conducted in pregnant women attended the ANC OPD or admitted in antenatal ward and sixty healthy non-pregnant women of same age group.
Results: The mean hemoglobin value was \(12.23\pm1.32 gm\) % throughout pregnancy. In control group the mean value was \(12.59 \pm 2.50 gm\)%. Statistically significant variation was observed between control and each trimester of pregnancy \((p<0.05)\). Significant difference observed between 1st and 2nd trimester \((p < 0.05)\) and 2nd and 3rd trimester \((p < 0.05)\). When compared between 1st and 3rd trimester, difference was not significant \((p>0.05)\) Hemoglobin values are lower in pregnant cases as compared to non-pregnant subjects \((p<0.05)\). Lowest hemoglobin value is observed in 2nd trimester in maximum number of cases. Mean hemoglobin level was found lower in pregnant women with gravidity more than 1 as compared to primigravidae.
Conclusion: A significant association was observed between hemoglobin level and trimester of pregnancy. High occurrence of low hemoglobin level in pregnant women was found belonging to lower socioeconomic class. Maternal hemoglobin value decreases with increase in gestational age.

Aims: Mucormycosis is an acute invasive fungal infection which is rare, opportunistic and can potentially cause fatal complications. This study aimed to evaluate demographic data, disease presentation, medical &/or topical, surgical treatment.
Material and methods: Total twenty five patients with mucormycosis treated at tertiary care hospital in Gujarat during three months duration from May to July 2021. After detailed history thorough Ear, Nose and throat examination was performed. Along with local examination, ophthalmologic and neurologic examination performed in every case. After Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, tissue sent for histopathologic examination.
Results: Twenty five patients diagnosed with Mucormycosis, 18(72%) patients were males and 7(28%) were females. All 25(100%) had past history of COVID 19 infection and Diabetes Mellitus. Out of 25, 23(92%) patients were treated with intravenous or oral steroids and 2(8%) patients were not treated with any steroids. MRI paranasal sinuses with orbit with brain cuts performed for all 25 patients after suspicion of mucormycosis. 12(48%) patients had Sinonasal involvement, 11(44%) were Rhino-orbital involvement, and 2(8%) had Rhino palatal involvement. All 25(100%) patients were given Injection Amphotericin B for 3-4 weeks according to response. 6(24%) Patients were also given Oral Posaconazole. We performed Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in 23(92%) patients. In two (8%) cases Sinus surgery performed along with Maxillectomy. All 25(100%) cases on histopathology confirmed of Mucormycosis.
Conclusion: Prognostic factors we observed in our study were involvement of rhino-orbito-cerebral disease shows poor prognosis. Good Diabetes control showed early recovery. Early identification and early treatment improves prognosis as well as survival rates.