Author Archives: pisrt

Abstract:Background: Ovarian neoplasms can be benign or malignant and accurate preoperative diagnosis is crucial for determining the appropriate surgical approach. Risk of malignancy index (RMI 4) is a useful tool that combines radiological findings, CA-125 levels, and tumor size to predict the likelihood of malignancy. The RMI 4 score is interpreted as either <450 or >450 and compared to the final histopathology report.
Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of RMI 4 in predicting the risk of malignancy in early ovarian neoplasms and to investigate its association with histopathological findings. The specific objectives are:
1) To determine the sensitivity of RMI 4 in predicting malignancy in suspected early ovarian neoplasms.
2) To compare the sensitivity of RMI 4 with CA-125 levels in predicting malignancy.
3) To examine the association between RMI 4 score and final histopathological examination findings.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Oncology OPD of ALLURI SITA RAMA RAJU ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (ASRAM) over a period of one year, from February 2021 to January 2022. We included 46 patients who met the inclusion criteria.
Results: The sensitivity of RMI 4 in predicting malignancy was found to be 52.4% for all cases, while it was 84.6% for serous and mucinous tumors. The sensitivity of CA-125 was 61.9% for all cases and 84.6% for serous and mucinous tumors. Our study found that RMI 4 and CA-125 are more predictive of malignancy in serous tumors compared to mucinous and other pathologies.
Conclusion: In conclusion, RMI 4 is a useful tool for differentiating malignant from benign ovarian lesions. Our study shows that RMI 4 and CA-125 are more sensitive in predicting malignancy in serous tumors compared to mucinous and other pathologies. Clinicians can use these tools to guide the appropriate surgical approach and improve patient outcomes.

Abstract:Background: Peri-puberty is a critical period between 10-16 years of age, during which various environmental factors, such as family, peer group, school, and community characteristics, contribute to adolescent health and risk behaviors. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension, anemia, and malnutrition in school children of the peri-pubertal age group, along with associated social factors.
Material and Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in school children from standard 7th to 9th who were present during the survey. They underwent history taking, anthropometric measurements, and clinical examination.
Results: The study included 300 school children aged 12-14 years. Most of the children were 14 years old (39.33%), boys (83%), and from socioeconomic class IV (50.67%). Of the total, 185 (61.67%) children were underweight, 85 (28.33%) were normal, 21 (7%) were overweight, and 9 (3%) were obese. Among the children, 32 (10.67%) had hypertension, with diastolic hypertension being more prevalent (19, 6.33%) than systolic hypertension (13, 4.33%). The prevalence of hypertension in girls (13.72%) was higher than in boys (10%). HTN was found more in obese children (5, 55.6%), followed by overweight children (7, 33.33%), normal children (14, 16.5%), and lastly underweight children (6, 3.2%). A total of 123 (41%) children were anemic, and the prevalence of anemia was insignificantly higher in girls (43.13%) than in boys (40.56%) (p-value=0.36, not significant). Out of 133 (44.33%) malnourished children, boys (46.18%) were more prevalent than girls (35.29%). Among 215 malnourished children, 104 (34.67%) children were anemic, and out of 85 well-nourished children, 19 (6.33%) were anemic.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was higher in children from higher socioeconomic status, obese and overweight children. Anaemia was more common in undernourished children.

Abstract: Background: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delays, and physical features such as a flattened face, short neck, and small head and ears. Previous research has suggested that having a sibling with Down syndrome may have a positive impact on children, as they may develop richer family values, warmth, kindness, and empathy. However, research on the needs and perceptions of siblings with Down syndrome in the Indian population is limited. Therefore, this study aims to assess the feelings and perceived impact among siblings of children with Down syndrome.
Methodology: From September 2015 to August 2016, 40 siblings of children with Down syndrome were recruited for this study, after obtaining written informed consent from both parents and siblings. Socio-demographic details were collected, and the siblings were interviewed using the “feeling and perceived impact questionnaire scale” to assess their feelings and perceived impact. Each sibling was interviewed only once.
Results: The majority of siblings, across all ages, expressed feelings of love or fondness towards their siblings with Down syndrome. A minority of siblings reported feeling sad or sorry for their sibling with Down syndrome. The majority of younger siblings enjoyed helping their sibling with Down syndrome learn new things.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that having a sibling with Down syndrome does not negatively impact the feelings or perceptions of siblings. Rather, siblings express positive emotions towards their brothers and sisters with Down syndrome, and enjoy helping them learn and grow. This study adds to the limited literature on the perceptions and needs of siblings of children with Down syndrome in the Indian population.