Internet’s handprint
EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 80 – 97 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Anders S.G. Andrae
Abstract: In this decade there will an unprecedented growth of generated data, computations, instructions, and operations. This growth may not compromise clean air, clean water and a sustainable energy and material usage, but rather facilitate these prerequisites for flora and fauna. There are many indications (expected trends and estimates) showing that the Internet Sector will be able to provide solutions to other Sectors such as Buildings, Transportation and Industry which will help reduce the total global consumption of energy and materials. For instance, products are replaced by virtual services e.g. by using e-readers instead of paperbacks, and transportation is avoided by online shopping or Internet meetings. This is more resource and energy efficient than before and entire sectors, like transport, industry, and agriculture can be optimized. Internet may foster new sustainable lifestyles which can lower the affluence despite certain rebound effects. The underlying idea is that e.g. human-related global greenhouse gas (GHG) supply can be significantly halted if existing and developing ICT Solutions are used in other sectors (and in the Internet infrastructure itself) to cause a handprint. Such solutions include products-sold-as-services, smart Grid and smart metering. Compared to earlier approaches, the 2020 transformative effects on smart work, land use and smart circularity are included in the discussion, as well as consequential LCA modelling. Internet’s handprint will be 4-7 times its footprint in 2030. The handprint is highly dependent e.g. on how large share of the buildings can adopt smart metering and the product to service rate. Internet will in itself use intelligent ICT solutions as well as neuromorphic, reversible and superconducting computing as well as nanophotonics to mitigate its own material and energy use. However, more importantly the intelligent ICT solutions should be used in the rest of the society to reach efficiency goals. Power saving is a highly efficient strategy for cost reduction in the Internet Sector itself and beyond.
Graph energy and nullity
ODAM-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 25 – 28 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Ivan Gutman
Abstract: The energy of a graph is the sum of absolute values of its eigenvalues. The nullity of a graph is the algebraic multiplicity of number zero in its spectrum. Empirical facts indicate that graph energy decreases with increasing nullity, but proving this property is difficult. In this paper, a method is elaborated by means of which the effect of nullity on graph energy can be quantitatively estimated.
A morphometric analysis of shape, size and position of mental foramen in dry human mandibles
TCMS-Vol. 1 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 1 – 5 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Nidhi Sharma
Abstract: Aim: To calculate size, shape and position of mental foramen. Materials & Methods: 50 dry human mandibles of either gender (20- females, 30- males) were included. The position of mental foramen in horizontally was calculated based on classification proposed by Bokhari. The vertical position was divided into six types using the modified Ngeow and Yuzawati criteria. Size was measured both vertically and horizontally with the help of vernier caliper and expressed as mean. Results: Most common horizontal position was II seen in both males (left- 56%, right- 50%) and females (left- 60%, right- 58%). Most common vertical position was 2 seen in males (left- 62%, right- 65%) and females (left- 55%, right- 52%). Most common shape was oval seen in both genders (males- 68% left, 62% right) and (females- 70% left, 72% right). A significant difference was observed \((P<0.05)\). Conclusion: Variation in shape, size and position was observed both males and females, however, most common shape found to be oval and position was II horizontally and 2 vertically in both genders.
On parametric equivalent, isomorphic and unique sets
ODAM-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 19 – 24 Open Access Full-Text PDF
J. Kok, J. Shiny
Abstract: This short paper introduces the notions of parametric equivalence, isomorphism and uniqueness in graphs. Results for paths, cycles and certain categories (or types) of trees with regards to minimum confluence sets are presented.
On the exponential Diophantine equation \((2^{2m+1}-1)+(13)^n=z^2\)
EASL-Vol. 4 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 77 – 79 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Sudhanshu Aggarwal
Abstract: Nowadays, scholars are very interested to determine the solution of different Diophantine equations because these equations have numerous applications in the field of coordinate geometry, cryptography, trigonometry and applied algebra. These equations help us for finding the integer solution of famous Pythagoras theorem and Pell’s equation. Finding the solution of Diophantine equations have many challenges for scholars due to absence of generalize methods. In the present paper, author studied the exponential Diophantine equation \((2^{2m+1}-1)+(13)^n=z^2\), where \(m,n\) are whole numbers, for its solution in whole numbers. Results show that the exponential Diophantine equation \((2^{2m+1}-1)+(13)^n=z^2\), where \(m\), \(n\) are whole numbers, has no solution in whole number.
The effect of time-varying delay damping on the stability of porous elastic system
OMS-Vol. 5 (2021), Issue 1, pp. 147 – 161 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Soh Edwin Mukiawa
Abstract: In the present work, we study the effect of time varying delay damping on the stability of a one-dimensional porous-viscoelastic system. We also illustrate our findings with some examples. The present work improve and generalize existing results in the literature.
