Dowsing experimental technique (DET), also known as divination, has been used to serve human needs across different civilizations. A comprehensive review of the literature on DET indicates that scientists are divided into two groups, regarding DET’s science and interpretation. One group believes that there is pure physics and chemistry behind DET and, therefore, it should be considered as one of the applied sciences used for materials’ prospecting. The other group believes that identification of materials using DET can be explained as a psychological behavior. In this research paper, DET has been used to identify several materials, and the various possible mechanisms behind it also examined. Accordingly, 68 samples were collected from various locations in Jordan and Palestine to identify them using DET. The collected samples, including different kinds of minerals, metals, rocks, etc., were divided into 9 groups. Experiments were conducted on combinations of the collected materials, using wooden rods and two capsules filled with crushed materials and placed on the rods. It is believed that the materials were identified using DET because of energy radiation, thermal conduction, piezoelectric effects, and/or electrostatic forces. DET may be also interpreted in terms of psychological perspectives, as being a psychological kinesthetic sense. So that these forces may be able to move the rods towards the target material, identify it, and recognize its location. However, DET is still an open question for further research, including cyber-psychology and other digital tools. In short, DET has proven to be a successful, easy, cheap, applicable, and sustainable technique for identifying and locating various materials.

The exact deg-centric graph of a simple graph \(G\), denoted by \(G_{ed}\), is a graph constructed from \(G\) such that \(V(G_{ed}) = V(G)\) and \(E(G_{ed}) = \{v_iv_j: d_G(v_i,v_j) = deg_G(v_i)\}\). This research note presents the domination numbers of both the Jaco graph \(J_n(x)\) and the exact deg-centric graph of the family of Jaco graphs. The respective complement graphs are also addressed.

The first Zagreb index of a graph is one of the most important topological indices in chemical graph theory. It is also an important invariant of general graphs. The first Zagreb index of a graph is defined as the sum of the squares of the degrees of the vertices in the graph. The research on the Hamiltonian properties of a graph is an important topic in graph theory. Use the Diaz-Metcalf inequality, we in this paper present new sufficient conditions based on the first Zagreb index for the Hamiltonian and traceable graphs. In addition, using the ideas of obtaining the sufficient conditions, we also present an upper bound for the first Zagreb index of a graph. The graphs achieving the upper bound are also characterized.

In this article, we proposed a fractional-order mathematical model of Child mortality. We analyzed the existence of a unique solution for our model using the fixed point theory and Picard–Lindelöf technique. We propose a Caputo operator for modeling child mortality in a given population of 1000 susceptible under five children. Our stability analysis was based on the fixed point theory, which was used to prove that our Picard iteration was stable. Using the Julia software and some real world values for our parameters, we numerically simulated the system through graphs. Our findings were that, reducing child mortality rates alone is insufficient to significantly improve survival rates for children under five. To make a real impact, a holistic approach is necessary, including access to healthcare, proper nutrition, vaccination programs, hygiene practices, clean water sources and comprehensive public health campaigns can greatly enhance the survival rates of children under five.

BiHom-associative and BiHom-Hopf algebras (BiHom-bialgebras with antipode structure) have many applications in various areas of mathematics and physics. Based on a significant and growing topic, the current paper aims to investigate the structure of (non-)unital BiHom-associative algebras and explore the algebraic varieties of BiHom-associative (bi-)algebras up to dimension \(3\). We use the correlations between the structural constants to provide the desired classification results. These results further enable us to differentiate between each isomorphism type of the \(3\)-dimensional BiHom-associative and BiHom-bialgebras inside some equivalence classes. Finally based on our findings, we classified BiHom-Hopf algebras up to dimension \(3\). These results are useful for understanding related algebraic structures and present a substantial advancement.

Producing composite flour for baking requires a good understanding of the characteristics that ensures smooth processing and handling. Characteristics such as particle size, flowability, and thermal properties play a crucial role in maintaining the quality, stability, and safety of the final product. The objective of this study is to produce and evaluate the characteristics of composite flour made from 70% wheat flour and 30% sologold sweet potato flour, using a completely randomized design and standard scientific methods for analysis. The results showed that wheat flour had an average particle size of 411.16 µm, while sologold sweet potato flour had 351.97 µm. The finer particle size of the sweet potato flour makes it easier to mix and evenly blend with wheat flour. The Carr index (6.0 CL%) and Hausner ratio (1.06 HR) indicated that the composite flour had excellent free-flowing properties. The composite flour samples had moisture content ranging from 11.90% to 9.60% (dry basis). Other properties are bulk density which was between 480 and 390 kg/m³, specific heat capacity from 2.10 to 1.95 kJ/kg·K, thermal conductivity between 0.15 and 0.11 W/m·K, and thermal diffusivity from 0.09 to 0.06 m²/s. Understanding these characteristics will help ensure that the composite flour be processed efficiently while remaining stable and safe for use.