Open Journal of Mathematical Sciences (OMS)

In analogy with the classical theory of filters, for finitely complete or small categories, we provide the concepts of filter, \(\mathfrak{G}\)-neighborhood (short for “Grothendieck-neighborhood”) and cover-neighborhood of points of such categories, to study convergence, cluster point, closure of sieves and compactness on objects of that kind of categories. Finally, we study all these concepts in the category \(\mathbf{Loc}\) of locales.

We show that a well-known asymptotic series for the logarithm of the central binomial coefficient is strictly enveloping in the sense of Pólya and Szegö, so the error incurred in truncating the series is of the same sign as the next term, and is bounded in magnitude by that term. We consider closely related asymptotic series for Binet’s function, for \(\ln\Gamma(z+\frac12)\), and for the Riemann-Siegel theta function, and make some historical remarks.

The aim of this paper is to study the tail distribution of the CEV model driven by Brownian motion and fractional Brownian motion. Based on the techniques of Malliavin calculus and a result established recently in [1], we obtain an explicit estimate for tail distributions.

In this paper, we prove some new formulas in the enumeration of labelled \(t\)-ary trees by path lengths. We treat trees having their edges oriented from a vertex of lower label towards a vertex of higher label. Among other results, we obtain counting formulas for the number of \(t\)-ary trees on \(n\) vertices in which there are paths of length \(\ell\) starting at a root with label \(i\) and ending at a vertex, sink, leaf sink, first child, non-first child and non-leaf. For each statistic, the average number of these reachable vertices is obtained for any random \(t\)-ary tree.

In this paper, improved and generalized version of Ostrowski’s type inequalities is established. The parameters used in the peano kernels help us to obtain previous results. The obtained bounds are then applied to numerical integration.

We show new integral representations for dilogarithm and trilogarithm functions on the unit interval. As a consequence, we also prove (1) new integral representations for Apéry, Catalan constants and Legendre \(\chi\) functions of order 2, 3, (2) a lower bound for the dilogarithm function on the unit interval, (3) new Euler sums.

We clarify some arguments concerning Jefimenko’s equations, as a way of constructing solutions to Maxwell’s equations, for charge and current satisfying the continuity equation. We then isolate a condition on non-radiation in all inertial frames, which is intuitively reasonable for the stability of an atomic system, and prove that the condition is equivalent to the charge and current satisfying certain relations, including the wave equations. Finally, we prove that with these relations, the energy in the electromagnetic field is quantised and displays the properties of the Balmer series.

In this paper, we derive the explicit expressions for single and product moments of generalized order statistics from Pareto-Rayleigh distribution using hypergeometric functions. Also, some interesting remarks are presented.

Local convergence of a family of sixth order methods for solving Banach space valued equations is considered in this article. The local convergence analysis is provided using only the first derivative in contrast to earlier works on the real line using the seventh derivative. This way the applicability is expanded for these methods. Numerical examples complete the article.

A q-rung orthopair fuzzy matrix (q-ROFM), an extension of the Pythagorean fuzzy matrix (PFM) and intuitionistic fuzzy matrix (IFM), is very helpful in representing vague information that occurs in real-world circumstances. In this paper we define some algebraic operations, such as max-min, min-max, complement, algebraic sum, algebraic product, scalar multiplication \((nA)\), and exponentiation \((A^n)\). We also investigate the algebraic properties of these operations. Furthermore, we define two operators, namely the necessity and possibility to convert q-ROFMs into an ordinary fuzzy matrix, and discuss some of their basic algebraic properties. Finally, we define a new operation(@) on q-ROFMs and discuss distributive laws in the case where the operations of \(\oplus_{q}, \otimes_{q}, \wedge_{q}\) and \(\vee_{q}\) are combined each other.